In recent weeks, russia has recalibrated the posture of its short and medium-range air defences around Moscow in an effort to more effectively defend against the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) attacks the city now experiences most days, the UK Defense Intelligence reports.
![Russian Pantsir-S1 (SA-22) air defense system Defense Express The UK Defense Intelligence: russia Upgrades Air Defense Systems Around the russian Capital](/media/contentimages/94b65000f07bf91f.jpg)
Since early September 2023, russian Pantsir-S1 (SA-22) air defence systems around the capital have been pictured positioned on elevated towers and ramps.
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Previously, following strikes against Engels and Ryazan air bases in December 2022, russia also positioned the Pantsir-S1 (SA-22) systems on the roofs of official buildings in Moscow. This is almost certainly to allow the system to detect and engage UAV-type targets. However, it is probably also intended to act as a high-profile reassurance to the public that the authorities have the threat under control.
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