India has reportedly decided not to purchase russia's latest S-500 air defense systems, opting instead to acquire five additional S-400 systems, bringing its total to ten units. The new deal is expected to include local production of two divisions, which could help avoid the long delivery delays seen in earlier contracts.
According to Indian Defense News, the agreement is set to be finalized ahead of Vladimir Putin's visit to India for the 23rd annual russia–India summit in December 2025. While Moscow failed to sell its newest S-500 system, discussions may continue on developing a next-generation missile defense system jointly.
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The decision reportedly stems from India's positive experience using the S-400 during conflicts with Pakistan, where the system proved effective. Issues russia faces against Ukrainian drones and missiles appear to be dismissed as too complex targets or operator errors.
The localization effort aligns with India's "Make in India" policy, aimed at reducing dependence on foreign defense suppliers. The country has already launched domestic production of AK-203 rifles and aircraft components.
However, India's growing defense cooperation with russia could indirectly threaten Ukraine. Fresh investment and contracts could inject vital funds into russia's struggling defense industry, helping it improve existing weapons that may later be used in the war against Ukraine.
A historical parallel can be found in the post-Soviet 1990s, when russia lacked funds to finish several weapon projects some, like the Kh-35 missile, were completed thanks to export contracts and foreign investment.
It's worth noting that russia still hasn't delivered two of the five S-400 systems ordered by India back in 2018. Moscow promises to fulfill the contract by 2026, though given wartime losses, this remains uncertain. There are even rumors India could buy systems from Türkiye, which is seeking to improve relations with the U.S.
Meanwhile, the S-500 remains off the table, likely due to doubts about russia's production capacity and the systems unproven combat record. For India, sticking with the S-400 may simply be a safer path to expand its air defense capabilities while maintaining interoperability and logistical simplicity.
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