russia's adaptation of Ukrainian technologies, methods, and tactics is common, especially during the full-scale war. However, it remains surprising that russia is using Yak-52 trainer aircraft to shoot down UAVs.
A video circulating online shows a soldier with an assault rifle climbing into the cockpit. While this is the first footage of its kind, earlier information indicated that russia had been seeking air defense aircraft. In 2024, there were reports of a potential upgrade involving electronic warfare and radars, though it is unclear whether this has been implemented.
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It should be noted that in Ukraine, the Yak-52 was used for hunting reconnaissance drones, such as the Orlan and Zala. This decision was made even before anti-aircraft drones became widely used, which now handle most of these tasks.
For russians, this can be explained by the fact that the speed and altitude of Ukrainian long-range UAVs may be low enough for a trainer aircraft to catch up with them. It is significant that the shooting is done with the shooter's personal weapon, similar to methods used in World War I.
Such air defense operations require a high level of coordination, both within the Yak-52 crew and across the military in general. This requires digital control systems for target designation as well as precautions to prevent friendly fire. This has already happened in russia, including incidents with civilian aircraft.
Questions remain as to why these measures were taken, considering russia's extensive inventory of anti-aircraft missile systems and fighter jets. The size of the country means that available air defense systems are simply not enough, particularly since most are concentrated around Moscow, key government facilities, and the front line.
Additionally, due to their low speed and flight altitude, Ukrainian UAVs are harder to detect and intercept with air defense systems. Combat aircraft and helicopters could be used, but certain challenges seem to make simpler solutions necessary.
Currently, the Yak-52 is probably being used on a voluntary basis, but Ukraine's experience suggests it may eventually be adapted for army aviation or even the russian Air Force. It should also be noted that such aircraft are operated by DOSAAF (Voluntary Society for Assistance to the Army, Aviation, and Navy) of russia, so their involvement is also possible in the future.
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